Analysis of Road Damage Handling Priorities Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method in Bandung City

Abstract

Urban road authorities in rapidly motorizing cities must allocate scarce maintenance budgets across competing segments under multi-criteria pressure. This study develops an objective, multi-expert, risk-informed prioritization model for the 36 national road segments of Bandung City, Indonesia, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) with geometric-mean aggregation across a seven-expert panel drawn from government, academia, and practice. Five decision criteria are evaluated: International Roughness Index (IRI), Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT), Road Function, a composite Safety Risk (operationalized as the interaction of normalized IRI and AADT), and a length-based Rehabilitation Cost proxy. The aggregated pairwise-comparison matrix attains a Consistency Ratio of 0.036, a 58.6% improvement over the single-expert benchmark (0.087), confirming the methodological superiority of group-based AHP. The aggregated weights place Safety Risk first (0.467), followed by IRI (0.234), AADT (0.187), Cost (0.068), and Function (0.044). Applied through weighted-linear synthesis, the model identifies three Critical segments warranting immediate rehabilitation; their designation is robust across five sensitivity scenarios. A key analytical finding is that the most physically damaged segment (Bts. Cileunyi–Nagreg I, IRI = 8.0 m/km) ranks seventh because its lowest network AADT reduces composite risk exposure, demonstrating that risk-informed multi-criteria prioritization produces materially different rankings from condition-only approaches.