Effects of Artificial Intelligence on the Academic Competency of Students of Higher Learning Institutions: A Case Study of Kampala International University in Tanzania

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on academic competency among students at Kampala International University in Tanzania. It aimed to: (1) assess awareness and utilization of AI, (2) explore the AI technologies used and their impacts—both positive and negative—on students’ academic competency, and (3) recommend effective ways to leverage AI for enhancing academic competency. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research included 170 students and 30 teaching and management staff, totaling 200 participants. Simple random sampling selected students, while purposive sampling was used for staff. Data were collected through questionnaires via the Kobo Toolbox survey. Findings indicated a 77% awareness level of AI and a 65% utilization rate. The most commonly used AI technology was content development AI, such as ChatGPT (83.8%). Notably, 63% of respondents acknowledged that AI has both beneficial and detrimental effects on academic competency. Negative impacts included over-dependency and reduced critical thinking, while positive aspects included time savings and easier access to information. The study concluded that AI tools can enhance academic competency but may hinder personal development. It recommended restructuring curricula to incorporate AI skills and adapting assessment strategies to address AI-related challenges.