Strategies for Shielding the Future: Impact of Preventive Strategies on the Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Pregnant Women in Gombe State

Abstract

This study explored the socioeconomic factors and awareness of preventive strategies among pregnant women concerning Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) management and mother-to-child transmission. A total of 264 women were surveyed, revealing a young demographic with ages principally between 25-34 years (35.7%) and a substantial unemployment rate (58.2%). Educational attainment varied, with 37.4% having completed secondary education, while a significant proportion lacked formal education. Antenatal care attendance was low; 66.5% of participants attended only one visit, and 50% booked during the second trimester (13-27 weeks), raising concerns about the adequacy of prenatal care. Alarmingly, 92.3% of respondents reported no Hepatitis B vaccination, indicating critical gaps in health awareness and preventive measures. Despite recognizing that access to antenatal care services is perceived as easy (71.8%), knowledge gaps persisted, especially regarding antiviral therapy necessity for HBV-positive pregnant women (63.2% disagreed). The study highlights a significant association between preventive strategies and the prevalence of HBV cases (Chi-square = 86.92, p < 0.00001), emphasizing the need for targeted educational interventions. Given that 83.79% of respondents showed good adherence to preventive measures, there remains an urgent need for enhanced awareness and resources to effectively manage and mitigate the risks of Hepatitis B transmission to newborns. Overall, the findings advocate for improved health education, resource allocation, and targeted interventions to address prevailing gaps in knowledge and access, ultimately fostering better health outcomes for mothers and newborns in this high-risk population. Enhanced outreach programs and community health initiatives could play a critical role in bridging these gaps and improving Hepatitis B management strategies.